Shoulder Arthroscopy in Pets – Modern Diagnostics & Treatment

Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive "keyhole" surgery of the joint (such as the shoulder), where a small camera allows for a detailed examination and treatment of the joints in dogs and cats. This technique is increasingly being applied in veterinary medicine and offers numerous advantages over traditional open surgery.

In this article, we explain when shoulder arthroscopy is utilized, its benefits, and what the recovery process looks like for pets.

What is arthroscopy?

Arthroscopy is a technique where the joint is viewed from the inside using a specialized camera (an arthroscope). The camera and instruments are inserted through small incisions, allowing the veterinarian to accurately detect and immediately treat abnormalities. This may include removing loose cartilage fragments, assessing the cartilage surface, or treating inflammatory processes.

When is shoulder arthroscopy applied?

Shoulder arthroscopy is primarily used in dogs with orthopedic issues, such as:

• Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)
• Medial shoulder instability (MSI)
• Tendon injuries (biceps tendon, glenohumeral ligament, subscapularis)
• Chronic shoulder pain without a clear diagnosis based on diagnostic imaging

In cats, arthroscopy is performed less frequently because severe shoulder problems are much rarer in this species. However, when necessary, it can provide valuable diagnostics and treatment.

Advantages of arthroscopy

The benefits of arthroscopy compared to open surgery include:

• Smaller incisions and less tissue damage
• Reduced postoperative pain
• Faster recovery and a shorter rehabilitation period
• The possibility of direct diagnosis and treatment in a single procedure
• Improved visualization and precision due to magnification and specialized lighting

Diagnosis and preparation

Prior to an arthroscopy, diagnostic imaging (X-ray, ultrasound, CT, or MRI) is often performed to establish the suspected cause of the symptoms. Based on these results, a decision is made as to whether arthroscopy is the best next step. Preparation usually involves fasting the animal and a preoperative screening (bloodwork, physical examination).

The surgical procedure

The procedure is performed under general anesthesia. A camera is inserted into the joint through small incisions. The joint is flushed with a physiological fluid (saline) for better visibility. Subsequently, instruments can be inserted to remove loose fragments, assess the joint capsule, or perform other corrections. The entire procedure usually lasts 30 to 90 minutes, depending on the complexity.

Recovery and aftercare

Recovery after shoulder arthroscopy is generally faster than with traditional surgery. During the first few weeks, controlled movement and rest are vital, followed by a gradual increase in activity. Physiotherapy and hydrotherapy support recovery and help strengthen the muscles. In dogs, recovery takes an average of 6 to 8 weeks. In cats, this process is often faster, although the procedure is less common.

Want to know more?

Read more about our services within orthopedics and rehabilitation. Our specialized veterinarians at Nesto have extensive experience with arthroscopy and are ready to help your pet.