Umbilical hernia in pets - Causes, symptoms and treatment

An umbilical hernia, also known as hernia umbilicalis, is a common abnormality in young dogs and cats. It occurs when the abdominal wall at the site of the umbilical opening does not close completely after birth. As a result, fatty tissue or sometimes part of the intestines can protrude through the opening. 

In this article, we discuss the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for umbilical hernias in pets.

What is an umbilical hernia?

An umbilical hernia is an opening in the abdominal wall at the site of the navel. Through this opening, abdominal contents (usually fatty tissue, sometimes intestines) can bulge out under the skin. The protruding part is called a hernia sac.

Causes of umbilical hernias

The main cause is a hereditary predisposition in which the abdominal wall does not fully close after birth. In addition, factors such as increased abdominal pressure or trauma can also play a role.

Symptoms of an umbilical hernia

Symptoms vary depending on the size of the hernia:

• Small, soft swelling near the navel
• Swelling that becomes larger with straining or crying
• With small hernias: often only a cosmetic issue
• With larger hernias: risk of intestines or other tissue becoming trapped (strangulation)
• Symptoms of strangulation: pain, vomiting, lethargy, swollen abdomen (emergency)

Diagnosis of an umbilical hernia

The diagnosis is made through physical examination. The veterinarian feels an opening in the abdominal wall and can often determine whether it involves only fatty tissue or whether there is a risk of intestinal entrapment. In uncertain cases, ultrasound can provide more clarity.

Treatment of an umbilical hernia

Conservative approach

Small umbilical hernias that contain only fatty tissue and cause no complaints do not always need to be treated. In young animals, the opening can sometimes still close spontaneously.

Surgical treatment

For medium to large umbilical hernias, or when there is a risk of entrapment, surgery is necessary. The surgical correction involves repositioning the contents and closing the abdominal wall. This can often be combined with a neuter or spay procedure to limit the number of surgeries.

Recovery and prognosis

The prognosis after surgical correction is excellent. Complications are rare, especially with timely treatment.

Want to know more?

Read more about our soft tissue surgery and abdominal wall correction services. Our specialized veterinarians at Nesto have extensive experience treating umbilical hernias.

Frequently asked questions (FAQ)

What is an umbilical hernia?

An opening in the abdominal wall at the navel through which fatty tissue or intestines can protrude.

Does an umbilical hernia always need to be operated on?

Small hernias without risk sometimes don't need surgery; larger ones do.

What are the risks of an umbilical hernia?

Entrapment of the intestines can be life-threatening and requires emergency surgery.

Can an umbilical hernia heal on its own?

Small hernias in young animals can sometimes close spontaneously.

What is the prognosis after surgery?

Excellent - most animals recover fully without complications.